Abstract
Enterprise architecture management (EAM) is acknowledged as a discipline to drive organizational change, to improve IT landscapes' transparency, and to align business and IT. Despite its increasing popularity in practice, many EAM initiatives are confronted with substantial challenges, as demonstrated by the low usage level of enterprise architecture (EA) documentation and enterprise architects' lack of authority, and often fail. This motivates our research, which aims at developing a design theory that may guide organizations to successfully implement EAM. Based on three field studies, we first analyze the issues that arise when implementing EAM in practice. We find that EAM often suffers from being regarded as a separate and parallel initiative, although it needs to be embedded in established management processes and organization. We then suggest a design theory for architecture-driven IT management (ADRIMA) that synthesizes prescriptive knowledge related to embedding EAM practices, artifacts, and roles in the existing IT management processes and organization. By consolidating both IT management and EAM perspectives, our research goes beyond existing EA literature and EA frameworks which describe EAM as a stand-alone management concept focusing on EA models and the EA life cycle.

Abstract
The competitiveness of businesses is increasingly dependent on their electronic networks with customers, suppliers, and partners. While the strategic and operational impact of external integration and IOS adoption has been extensively studied, much less attention has been paid to the organizational and technical design of electronic relationships. The objective of our longitudinal research project is the development of a framework for understanding and explaining B2B integration. Drawing on existing literature and empirical cases we present a reference model (a classification scheme for B2B Integration). The reference model comprises technical, organizational, and institutional levels to reflect the multiple facets of B2B integration. In this paper we onvestigate the current state of electronic collaboration in global supply chains focussing on the technical view. Using an indepth case analysis we identify five integration scenarios. In the subsequent confirmatory phase of the research we analyse 112 real-world company cases to validate these five integration scenarios. Our research advances and deepens existing studies by developing a B2B reference model, which reflects the current state of practice and is independent of specific implementation technologies. In the next stage of the research the emerging reference model will be extended to create an assessment model for analysing the maturity level of a given company in a specific supply chain.

Abstract
The emergence of the Internet as a global communication infrastructure has dramatically reduced interaction costs within and across organizations, with significant impact on inter-organizational relationships, vertical industry structures, and markets. More recently, Service-oriented Architectures (SOA) and Web services have introduced the next paradigm shift and foster the idea of dynamic business networks with quick connect and disconnect relationships. However, little research has systematically analyzed how companies leverage SOA to improve their inter-organizational relationships and reshape their business networks. In addition, the mature research stream on inter-organizational information systems (IOS) has not yet sufficiently considered SOA. In order to close this gap, our research seeks to improve the fundamental understanding of how SOA is applied in business networks and how it differs from prior forms of IOS. Using an exploratory research approach, we investigate 33 SOA cases to identify focus areas and patterns of SOA adoption in business networks. Our case analysis builds on a multi-dimensional classification scheme which we derived from prior literature. While our empirical findings do not confirm all promising propositions related to SOA, they underline the specific contribution of SOA compared to prior forms of IOS. We conclude by suggesting five clusters of SOA adoption in the inter-organizational domain, each of those introducing new aspects in the coordination of distributed business networks.

Abstract
Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is one of the most discussed topics in the information systems (IS) discipline. While most computer scientists agree that the service-oriented paradigm has clear benefits in terms of technical quality attributes, it has been difficult to justify SOA economically. The few studies that have investigated the strategic and economic aspects of SOA are mostly exploratory and lack a more comprehensive framework for understanding the sources of its economic potential. Based on IS and SOA literature, our work goes further in suggesting the SOA economic potential model, which describes the causal relationships between the SOA's style characteristics and value it can provide on the business side. Using this model, we investigate 164 SOA cases published between 2003 and 2008 to explore the economic rationale for adopting SOA. Our findings suggest that SOA's business benefits are currently mainly driven by operational and information technology infrastructural improvements. However, enterprises also realize strategic benefits from SOA; for example, by electronically integrating with their business partners by means of SOA. We use the results of our study to derive propositions and suggest a research model for future studies on SOA's economic potential.

Abstract
Although e-services have been recognized for their contribution to strengthening customer relationships and fostering customer loyalty, prior research is heavily skewed toward the field of business-to-consumer interactions and online retail channels. This article explores the evolution of e-services in the business-to-business domain. Based on the case study of ETA SA, a Swiss manufacturer of watch movements and components, it identifies three stages of increasing electronic interaction with customers. The company pioneered online ordering of watch spare parts based on a first generation e-commerce solution and subsequently introduced a comprehensive customer service portal. Our research suggests that moving from the e-commerce solution to the customer process portal involved a significant extension of the e-service portfolio (service innovation), whereas the subsequent stage introduced an additional electronic channel (channel innovation). Every stage in this evolution path forces companies to substantially re-architect their interorganizational process and system linkages. From the experiences of ETA SA, we conclude that a service-oriented multichannel architecture makes it easier to cope with the growing number of e-services and the complexity of serving multiple electronic channels.

Abstract
Since the 1980s, the retail and consumer goods industries have been making very extensive use of EDI-based data exchange and subsequently developed the vision of Efficient Consumer Response (ECR). In the meantime, a growing number of studies report that poor data quality, in particular outdated or wrong product information, negatively impacts demand and supply chain performance. Whereas prior literature intensively studied the positive effects of information sharing on the coordination of supply and demand, this research is aimed at establishing a basis for understanding the phenomena of the underlying inter-organizational product information supply chain. Using coordination theory as an overarching framework, the main research contribution is a set of dependencies, coordination problems, and coordination mechanisms that characterize the product information supply chain. From an analysis of two retailer-manufacturer relationships, we conclude that flow and sharing dependencies evolve into reciprocal dependencies as the intensity of demand and supply collaboration increases. We also find that industry standards-notably Global Data Synchronization (GDS)-do not yet fully cover the inter-organizational coordination requirements that result from the identified set of sharing and flow dependencies.

Abstract
With deeper levels of external process integration and a growing number of electronic business relationships, enterprises are striving to become more interoperable with their business partners. While two-way integration linkages have mostly been realized as point-to-point connections with a handful of business partners, new integration technologies such as Web services and XML give enterprises the opportunity to pursue more cost-efficient and scalable ways of external business process integration. This research develops a model for service-based B2B interoperability that leverages Web service technologies for implementing industry standards. The authors instantiate the conceptual model in a concrete B2B scenario in the automotive industry, where a consortium of automotive manufacturers and suppliers are currently redesigning their inter-organizational engineering change management processes. From the evaluation, the authors suggest that the specification of standards related to pragmatics, semantics and syntax has to be complemented by additional design rules which define how industry standards are mapped to a Web service design. The article concludes with a revised model for service-based interoperability and discusses implications for B2B standardization.

Abstract
With deeper levels of external process integration and a growing number of electronic business relationships, enterprises are striving to become more interoperable with their business partners. While two-way integration linkages have mostly been realized as point-to-point connections with a handful of business partners, new integration technologies such as Web services and XML give enterprises the opportunity to pursue more cost-efficient and scalable ways of external business process integration. This research develops a model for service-based B2B interoperability that leverages Web service technologies for implementing industry standards. The authors instantiate the conceptual model in a B2B scenario in the automotive industry, where a consortium of automotive manufacturers and suppliers are currently redesigning their interorganizational engineering change management processes. From the evaluation, the authors suggest that the specification of standards related to pragmatics, semantics and syntax has to be complemented by additional design rules which define how industry standards are mapped to a public Web service design. The paper concludes with a revised model for service-based interoperability and discusses implications for B2B standardization.

Abstract
RFID has received a great deal of press in recent years, especially since the first business applications emerged and the world's largest retailers¦began to put the vision of smart items into practice. Although many companies have explored RFID technology's value for tracking materials throughout the supply chain, few have reported on how RFID supports their management and operation of assets and facilities. Europe's second largest airport in Frankfurt,¦Germany, handled more than 50 million passengers and almost 500,000 aircraft arrivals and departures in 2004. The airport's operating company, Fraport AG, knows that the quality of its facility management processes is crucial in guaranteeing travelers trouble-free operations, maximum security, and convenience. Fraport¦decided to test RFID's benefits in this area and started a pilot project in 2003. This article summarizes not only the technology Fraport tested at Frankfurt Airport but also the process-flow and facility-management changes it adopted.

Abstract
Order management ranks among the key operational processes, and inefficiencies within this process have direct impacts on customer service,¦order cycle times as well as order execution costs. The massive investments in implementing systems for enterprise resource planning (ERP) have already led to significant improvements in managing orders across organisational units within enterprises. However, ERP systems have not been designed for¦exchanging order information with business partners. Established interorganisational solutions such as electronic data interchange (EDI) are not widespread and existing solutions are largely proprietary. This article discusses the emerging standard solutions and services for interorganisational or collaborative order management (COM). Starting from a generic definition of the COM process an explorative study aims to provide an overview on the status, developments and perspectives of COM. Order management solutions and electronic services are discussed as the two main emerging areas in COM and various providers are analysed using content analysis and case research. The current picture shows fragmented solutions and a substantial need for integration. Possible scenarios and open research questions are provided in the concluding section of this paper.

Abstract
Die schnelle, effiziente Bearbeitung von Kundenaufträgen stößt häufig an ihre Grenzen, wenn verschiedene Organisationseinheiten innerhalb eines Konzerns oder gar externe Partner beteiligt sind. Mangelnder Kundenservice, lange Durchlaufzeiten und Fehler sind die Folge. Der Beitrag skizziert den Lösungsansatz der Asea Brown Boveri (ABB) Gruppe zur Realisierung konzernweiter, integrierter Auftragsabwicklungsprozesse. Er basiert auf einer Auftragsabwicklungsschicht (Order Management-Schicht, OMS), die konzernweit Prozesse und Systeme in der Auftragsabwicklung verbindet und als elementaren Architekturbestandteil Services beinhaltet. Die OMS zeigt die Grundzüge einer serviceorientierten Architektur (SOA), die einerseits die Anpassungsfähigkeit von Informationssystemen (IS) erhöht, anderseits die Kosten für die Umsetzung neuer Geschäftsanforderungen senken sollen. Verschiedene Softwarehersteller wie i2, SAP oder Yantra knüpfen mit Standardlösungen an das SOA-Konzept an, um vorgefertigte Bausteine für die verteilte Auftragsabwicklung zu liefern. Damit entstehen Lösungen, die Alternativen zu den in der Unternehmenspraxis vorherrschenden proprietären Lösungen darstellen.

Abstract
E-detailing,which is understood to mean an IT-supported sales dialogue via the internet,has mainly been an issue in the USA in the last few years, where it has been heavily pushed by service providers. Recently,Europe has also seen more and more pharmaceutical companies expanding their conventional pharmaceutical product marketing to include electronic channels for interacting with their customers. It has been shown, however, that the approaches and experience in the USA are not readily transferable to Europe: legal restrictions, more heterogeneous markets, the novelty of communication channels and a lack of platform providers make it harder for pharmaceutical companies to exploit the potential of e-detailing. The findings of a study conducted between summer 2002 and spring 2003 suggest that electronic opportunities for customer contact and interaction should be embedded in a more comprehensive spectrum of services supporting customers in their daily processes,which goes beyond straightforward product promotion.

Abstract
The discipline of Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) deals with the alignment of business and information systems architectures. While EAM has long been regarded as a discipline for IT managers this book takes a different stance: It explains how top executives can use EAM for leveraging their strategic planning and controlling processes and how EAM can contribute to sustainable competitive advantage. Based on the analysis of best practices from eight leading European companies from various industries the book presents crucial elements of successful EAM. It outlines what executives need to do in terms of governance, processes, methodologies and culture in order to bring their management to the next level. Beyond this, the book points how EAM might develop in the next decade allowing today's managers to prepare for the future of architecture management.

Abstract
Dieser Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel des technischen Änderungsmanagements gezeigt, welchen Nutzen ein methodisches Vorgehen zur Einführung von Service-orientierten Architekturen und die Web Service-Technologien für eine flexible und skalierbare Gestaltung von B2B-Prozessen in der Automobilindustrie haben. Trotz ihrer vielfältigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten lösen jedoch auch SOA und Web Services nicht sämtliche Probleme der B2B-Integration. Die Pilotierung machte deutlich, dass weniger die Technologie und Softwarekomponenten einen limitierenden Faktor darstellten, als vielmehr ein fachlich orientiertes Vorgehen anhand eines Referenzprozesses. Die überbetriebliche Vernetzung mit SOA funktioniert nur, wenn alle Parteien Web Services mit gleicher Semantik benutzen, sich also auf ein gemeinsames Servicedesign einigen. Erst in der Kombination fachlich standardisierter Services mit Web Service- und Internettechnologien wird eine höhere Interoperabilität erreicht.

Abstract
Cloud computing has changed how software is produced, distributed, consumed, and priced. The cloud paradigm has had a disruptive effect on existing business models and elicited a need for more thoroughly defined business models as well as the tools to represent and compare business models. In this paper, we address this research gap and present a structured approach that allows a systematic design of business models for cloud computing and provides tools to facilitate the business model design process through simulation. The resulting method is specified by means of a meta-model as well as a procedure model and is demonstrated by a software prototype. The developed method has been evaluated in three case studies in the context of Platform as a Service business models.

Abstract
Even though architecture principles were first discussed in the 1990s, they are still perceived¦as an underexplored topic in enterprise architecture management research. By now, there is¦an increasing consensus about EA principles' nature, as well as guidelines for their¦formulation. However, the extant literature remains vague about what can be considered¦suitable EA design and evolution guidance principles. In addition, empirical insights¦regarding their role and usefulness in practice are still lacking. Accordingly, this research¦seeks to address three questions: (1) What are suitable principles to guide EA design and¦evolution? (2) What usage do EA principles have for practitioners? (3) Which propositions¦can be derived regarding EA principles' role and application? Opting for exploratory¦research, we apply a research process covering critical analysis of current publications as¦well as capturing experts' perceptions. Our research ontologically distinguishes between¦principles from nonprinciples, proposes a validated set of meta-principles, and clarifies¦principles' application, role, and usefulness in practice. The explored insights can be used as¦guidelines in defining suitable principles and turning them into an effective bridge between¦strategy and design and a guide in design decisions.

Abstract
This article motivates testing as a way to facilitate the deployment of Large Scale Projects which have been launched to deliver online public services throughout Europe. Since these projects target heterogeneous communities in a cross-border context, their implementation effort is spread among different actors with diverse interests and capabilities. Test beds are required to ensure conformance to the common specification and interoperability between the implementations. This article demonstrates how the Global eBusiness Interoperability Test Bed (GITB) initiative addresses the requirements of these Large Scale Projects. The GITB Testing Framework specifies test artefacts, test components and test services to support the creation, use and operation of test beds while enabling reuse of testing resources among different test beds and regional communities.

Abstract
The widespread deployment of IT in the past decades has significantly increased the integration reach, breadth, and scope in organisations. Many of the associated socio-economic phenomena have been studied by IS researchers, for example, in the context of IT adoption, the business value of IT, and IS success. Surprisingly though, the concept of integration in itself has so far attracted only little interest on the part of researchers. According to our knowledge, no established theoretical framework seems to place integration-related constructs at the centre of scientific inquiry. The objective of the present study is to take a first step to fill this gap by reviewing the literature on integration in order to structure the existing body of knowledge and to derive an agenda for further research in this area. Our literature review reveals that, in spite of its importance for academia and practice, integration is still an under-researched topic, with a noticeable lack of theorization and synthesis of the different research strands into a more holistic model. As we argue, a to-be-developed 'Theory of Integration' would be highly valuable to increase our understanding of the different phenomena surrounding integration on the technological and the organisational level within the firm.

Abstract
Enterprise architectures (EA) are considered promising approaches to reduce the complexities of growing information technology (IT) environments while keeping pace with an ever-changing business environment. However, the implementation of enterprise architecture management (EAM) has proven difficult in practice. Many EAM initiatives face severe challenges, as demonstrated by the low usage level of enterprise architecture documentation and enterprise architects' lack of authority regarding enforcing EAM standards and principles. These challenges motivate our research. Based on three field studies, we first analyze EAM implementation issues that arise when EAM is started as a dedicated and isolated initiative. Following a design-oriented paradigm, we then suggest a design theory for architecture-driven IT management (ADRIMA) that may guide organizations to successfully implement EAM. This theory summarizes prescriptive knowledge related to embedding EAM practices, artefacts and roles in the existing IT management processes and organization.

Abstract
Die Vermittlung von Wissen über betriebswirtschaftliche Anwendungssysteme ist in informationssystembezogenen Studiengängen essenziell. Genauso müssen in SAP-Anwenderunternehmen Experten ausgebildet werden, um Gestaltungsaufgaben zu lösen. Für beide Bereiche stellt sich demnach die Frage: Wie verändert sich eine gestaltungsorientierte Ausbildung mit einer Cloud-Lösung? Letztlich kann man die Frage erweitern: Wie verändert sich insgesamt die ,,Beratung" mit Cloud-Lösungen? Um erste Erkenntnisse über diese neuen Möglichkeiten und Implikationen zu gewinnen, wurde ein Experiment gestartet. In einer weltweit ersten Pilotanwendung arbeiteten Studierende an den Universitäten Lausanne, Münster und Würzburg hochschulübergreifend an der Realisierung und Implementierung von B2B-Geschäftsszenarien zum elektronischen Datenaustausch zwischen drei SAP Business ByDesign-Systemen. Die daraus resultierenden Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse stehen im Mittelpunkt des Artikels.

Abstract
With the growing penetration of IT and its critical role within organizations, the number of requests for IT services and solutions is steadily increasing. However, many companies lack a consolidated view of all these requests or demands. They also struggle to track and report on the conversion of demands into IT solutions. Given the importance of managing demands for effective IT landscape development and for satisfying business users, our research aims at developing a design theory for an end-to-end demand management process. It is based on an extensive action design research study involving experts from 13 companies. The main contribution is a set of seven principles that guide the effective design of IT demand management. By focusing on the process from the emergent demand to the ready-to-use solution, our work closes a gap in existing research which is fragmented into requirements engineering, project portfolio management, and IT governance streams.

Abstract
Enterprise architectures (EA) are considered promising approaches to reduce the complexities of growing information technology (IT) environments while keeping pace with an ever-changing business environment. However, the implementation of enterprise architecture management (EAM) has proven difficult in practice. Many EAM initiatives face severe challenges, as demonstrated by the low usage level of enterprise architecture documentation and enterprise architects' lack of authority regarding enforcing EAM standards and principles. These challenges motivate our research. Based on three field studies, we first analyze EAM implementation issues that arise when EAM is started as a dedicated and isolated initiative. Following a design-oriented paradigm, we then suggest a design theory for architecture-driven IT management (ADRIMA) that may guide organizations to successfully implement EAM. This theory summarizes prescriptive knowledge related to embedding EAM practices, artefacts and roles in the existing IT management processes and organization.

Abstract
Mobile technologies offer major opportunities for improving the productivity of business users and running business processes with higher effectiveness and efficiency. This particularly applies for service and maintenance processes of complex technical systems which are highly dependent on high-quality information. However, the proliferation of mobile business applications is still limited and we are lacking a deeper understanding of how they can be utilized successfully. Thus, the objective of this study is to gain a better understanding of mobile business applications' effectiveness in the context of service and maintenance processes. For this purpose, we adapt the DeLone and McLean IS Success Model to this particular context. The model is validated with survey data from 374 mobile service users in periodical technical vehicle inspection. Our results indicate that, besides system quality, the quality of process support is the main determinant of individual benefits from using the mobile devices in service and maintenance processes. The study's findings support practitioners in understanding the levers with which to improve mobile business applications. By empirically validating a success model for such applications, the study's results advance theoretical development in the area of mobile service and maintenance systems and present a basis for further research in this field.

Abstract
Information technology has become a critical factor for enterprises of all sizes. However, after years of increasing business process digitisation, companies face various challenges: On the one hand, the number of information systems and the intensity of their use have significantly increased, and the IT landscape's inherent complexity requires a great deal of effort to change the existing information systems; on the other hand, companies are forced to continuously adapt to the fast-paced business environment and realise that their IT landscapes can no longer cope with the current and future business requirements. As IT is increasingly regarded as a hindering factor, companies launch IT transformation initiatives to overcome the dilemma of their overly complex IT landscapes.¦The purpose of this article is to investigate the nature and characteristics of IT transformation. Using the resource-based view as a theoretical lens, we suggest conceptualising IT transformation as a fundamental IT capability and resource change. On the basis of three case studies, we analyse the changes in IT capabilities and resources in the course of IT transformation and explore their interplay with business capabilities. Our empirical results confirm the nature of IT transformation as a second-order change affecting technological and human IT resources' 'deep-structure'. From our cross-case analysis, we identify a set of technological IT capabilities induced by IT transformation as well as dynamic human IT capabilities required to manage this set's reconfiguration.

Abstract
SOA and web services are supposed to increase integration capabilities, stimulate inter-organizational processes, and thereby improve coordination in distributed business networks. They also foster the idea of dynamic business networks with quick connect and disconnect relationships. While service-oriented concepts are increasingly adopted in practice, they are still mostly applied within company boundaries. Little research has systematically analyzed how SOA is applied in inter-organizational relationships and business networks. In addition, SOA concepts are not yet sufficiently linked to the mature stream of research on inter-organizational information systems (IOS). Hence, we lack a more fundamental understanding of how SOA impacts business networks. Our research aims at filling this gap. First, we propose a multi-dimensional classification scheme for assessing SOA adoption in business networks. This scheme is derived from inter-organizational systems (IOS), SOA and business networking literature. Second, we analyze 25 inter-organizational SOA cases to identify focus areas and patterns of SOA adoption in business networks. Third, we compare our findings to the propositions from SOA and IOS literature. While our empirical analysis does not confirm all enthusiastic propositions related to SOA, it underlines the specific contribution of SOA compared to prior forms of IOS.

Abstract
Das Gebrauchtwagengeschäft stellt einen erheblichen Anteil des automobilen Gesamtmarkts dar und erfordert die Koordination des Leistungsangebots von unterschiedlichen Akteuren in einem verteilten Geschäftsnetzwerk. In diesem Kontext versprechen das Paradigma der service-orientierten Architektur und Web 2.0 Technologien neue, elektronische Vernetzungspotentiale. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, wie ausgehend von der systematischen Analyse des Geschäftsnetzwerks innovative Service Ideen zur Koordination der Akteure in der Gebrauchtwagendistribution entwickelt werden. Dabei beleuchten wir, wie das Paradigma der service-orientierten Architektur in eine SOA-basierte Lösung und entsprechende Services umgesetzt wird. Zentrale Aspekte sind die Kapselung von fachlicher Funktionalität und Koordination über definierte Schnittstellen, die Integration von Prozessen und Produkten, sowie deren Kombination und Individualisierung.

Abstract
The need for collaboration within value chains is rapidly increasing and drives enterprise to align and electronically integrate their business processes with their business partners. As technologies evolve, manifold forms of B2B integration have emerged - from e-mail communication to customer or supplier portals, the exchange of EDIFACT- to XML documents, and Web Services. Although service-oriented architectures (SOA) are considered the future of inter-organizational linkages, no empirical studies have been found which surveyed the impact of SOA on B2B integration costs and benefits. From a research perspective, we still lack a systematic analysis that explains how a specific B2B integration technology impacts the effectiveness of B2B integration. Building on transaction cost theory, this research analyzes the different forms of B2B integration with regard to their impact on connectivity and coordination costs. Based on a field study from the auto­motive industry, it demonstrates that there is economic rationale for preferring supplier portals to machine-to-machine integration based on EDIFACT or XML messages. Compared to prior technologies, SOA reduces the costs of external integration by eliminating separate B2B integration infrastructures and improving connectivity of internal applications. However, we find that prior literature tends to overestimate the impact of open Internet and Web service technologies on connectivity costs.

Abstract
Although service-oriented architecture (SOA) is supposed to increase external integration capabilities, it is mostly applied within company boundaries. How companies should apply SOA to improve their inter-organizational relationships is not, as yet, well understood. Although there are several examples of service-oriented concepts in the B2B context, there has been little research in which the different facets of SOA application are analyzed in inter-organizational relationships and B2B networks. This research aims at filling this gap. First, it identifies SOA potentials from literature and classifies them into a conceptual model for B2B networks. Second, it applies the conceptual model to used car distribution as a real-world scenario. This real-world example demonstrates that a SOA business case is highly situational and that key SOA capabilities need to be mapped to the specific industry context.

Abstract
While our technological understanding of service-oriented architecture (SOA) is maturing, an increasing number of companies have started to implement SOA with the goal to improve their IS landscapes' flexibility and their adaptability to changing business requirements. With the spread of SOA and its diverse implementations in practice, companies have reported mixed experiences, which comprise SOA success stories as well as failed SOA implementations. Consequently, decision-makers have the difficult task of evaluating the benefits of SOA in the short and long term - a prerequisite for every SOA business case.¦Based on data from 60 SOA initiatives, this paper reviews the current state of SOA realization in industry. Its ultimate goal is to provide a realistic picture of companies' set priorities when implementing SOA, as well as the benefits they have achieved or plan to achieve. Our survey reveals that there are four types of SOA implementers, each of which achieve different benefits depending on the extent to which the SOA concepts and design principles are realized. Our results thereby add a new perspective to the debate on SOA's value and help SOA decision makers understand the consequences of their priorities when implementing SOA.

Abstract
Service-oriented architecture (SOA) has gained much popularity lately, in both practice and academia. Since SOA concepts and technology are maturing, companies have started to engage in larger projects that will fundamentally transform their IS landscapes over the next decade. While the continuously growing body of SOA research is mostly technology-oriented, there is a need to review the current state of SOA research in light of the strategic, organizational, and technical issues associated with SOA implementation in practice. This paper profiles SOA and Web services research since 2000 with a focus on SOA practices, adoption, and impact. Drawing on a sample of 175 papers in academic journals and conference proceedings, we classify the research themes and explore the most salient topics. Our analysis finds that SOA research is still at an early stage, thereby reflecting the novelty of the underlying technologies. We conclude that business aspects remain underserved, highlighting a number of research opportunities for the IS community.

Abstract
In terms of electronic collaboration, the value chains of the retail and consumer goods industries can be ranked among the most advanced. Recent studies have underlined the importance of product data alignment between retailers and their suppliers in the implementation of Efficient Consumer Response (ECR). This paper explores the multilateral exchange of product data in the retail supply chain using the Global Data Synchronization Network (GDSN). On the basis of a survey, it analyzes the role of data pools as well as the evolving landscape of B2B inter­mediaries in this area. It concludes that the Global Data Synchronization Network will lead to an increasing specialization of data pools in either mega pools or local specialists.

Abstract
This CEN Workshop Agreement summarizes the results of the GITB project's second phase (http://www.ebusiness-testbed.eu/).¦The Global eBusiness Interoperability Test Bed (GITB) project aims at¦1) developing the required global Testing Framework, architecture and methodologies for state-of-the-art eBusiness Specifications and profiles covering all layers of the interoperability stack (business processes, business documents, transport and communication);¦2) supporting the realization of GITB as a network of multiple Test Beds, thereby leveraging existing and future testing capabilities from different stakeholders (for example standards development organizations and industry consortia, Test Bed Providers, and accreditation / certification authorities);¦3) establishing under EU support and guidance, a setup of a comprehensive and global eBusiness interoperability Test Bed infrastructure in a global collaboration of European, North American and Asian partners.¦Main result of the second phase is the GITB Testing Framework which comprises architecture, methodology and guidelines for assisting in the creation, use and coordination of Test Beds,¦including¦• Test Artifacts (test logic, test configuration and test output documents),¦• Test Service and interface definitions (design, deploy, execute, search),¦• Test Bed Components (core platform and user-facing components as well as "plug-ins" for specific¦testing capabilities),¦• a Test Registry and Repository (for managing, archiving and sharing distributed Testing Resources).¦This GITB Testing Framework has been instantiated and validated for the use cases, and a pilot implementation has been done in one case.